Year: 2026

This article was written by Mary Ann Fahmy, a student in Gavin Yamey’s master’s course, “Global Health Policy: Transforming Evidence Into Policy.” In the piece, she uses Shiffman and Smith’s well-known agenda-setting framework to understand how female genital mutilation/cutting rose up the global health agenda. The framework proposes that health concerns gain global priority based on four factors: “the strength of the actors involved in the initiative, the power of the ideas they use to portray the issue, the nature of the political contexts in which they operate, and characteristics of the issue itself.” Introduction Female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) is defined as any procedure that partially or totally removes external female genitalia for non-medical reasons. 1 Although globally recognized as a violation of human rights, it is a cultural practice…

This article was written by Hira Farooq, a student in Gavin Yamey’s master’s course, “Global Health Policy: Transforming Evidence Into Policy.” In the piece, she uses John Kingdon’s well-known multiple streams policy framework to understand how and why Pakistan prioritized polio elimination. The framework proposes that a policy concern rises to the top of a national agenda when three “streams” collide: the problem stream (identification and definition of the problem), the policy stream (development of policy solutions), and the politics stream (the political climate). Kingdon also noted the importance of policy windows (moments in time when the streams converge) and policy entrepreneurs (individuals skilled at bringing the streams together).   Since the establishment of its national Polio Eradication Programme in 1994, Pakistan has conducted hundreds of polio campaigns, declared polio…